Fig. 4

Cytotoxicity assessment of UiO-66–VIN–PEG in breast (MDA-MB-231) and ovarian (A2780) cancer cells, as well as normal (HFF) cells. A, B Viability of MDA-MB-231 and A2780 cells after 48 h of treatment with UiO-66, VIN, UiO-66–VIN, and UiO-66–VIN–PEG at varying concentrations. C, D Cell viability after 72 h of exposure. E, F Viability of HFF cells following 48 and 72 h of treatment. Data are expressed as means ± standard deviations (n = 3). Statistical significance: *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.0001, ns: non-significant