Fig. 4

A Cytotoxicity assay of FMHN on NIH-3T3 cells by MTT assay: ^*P < 0.05, and ^**P < 0.01. B MCF-7 cells viability after incubation with different concentrations of DOX, FMHN and FMDHN with and without PTT for 48 h. C Flow cytometric analysis of live and dead MCF-7 cells in different treatment groups: control, FMHN (2.16 μg/mL), DOX (2.16 μM), FMDHN (2.16 μg/mL) with and without PTT. Cell necrosis and apoptosis measured using propidium iodide (PI) and Annexin V-FITC staining. D Representative DCFH staining of MCF-7 cells in different treatments for ROS evaluation. E Optical microscopy images of MCF-7 cells treated with different treatments (scale bar: 100 μm)