Table 2 Comparison of mRNA gene expression between each study groups against placebo

Bcl2 fold-change difference (95% CI)

Placebo

–

1.25 (− 5.63, 8.13)

 − 2.35 (− 9.23, 4.25)

1.00 (− 5.88, 7.88)

1.13 (− 5.75, 8.01)

1.27 (− 6.16, 8.70)

Nanocarrier

 − 1.25 (− 8.13, 5.63)

–

 − 3.61 (− 10.48, 3.27)

 − 0.25 (− 7.13, 6.63)

 − 0.12 (− 7.00, 6.76)

0.02 (− 7.41, 7.45)

5-FU

2.35 (− 4.52, 9.23)

3.61 (− 3.27, 10.48)

–

3.36 (− 3.52,10.24)

3.48 (− 3.40, 10.36)

3.63 (− 3.80, 11.06)

BA-Ex

 − 1.00 (− 7.88, 5.88)

3.61 (− 3.27, 10.48)

3.36 (− 3.52,10.24)

–

3.48 (− 3.40, 10.36)

3.63 (− 3.80, 11.06)

Nano-BA-Ex

 − 1.13 (− 8.01, 5.75)

0.12 (− 6.76, 7.00)

 − 3.48 (− 10.36, 3.4)

 − 0.13 (− 7.00, 6.75)

–

0.15 (− 7.28, 7.58)

Nano-BA-Ex/5-FU

 − 1.27 (− 8.70, 6.16)

 − 0.02 (− 7.45, 7.41)

 − 3.63 (− 11.06, 3.80)

 − 0.27 (− 7.70, 7.16)

 − 0.15 (− 7.58, 7.28)

–

Cox2 fold-change difference (95% CI)

Placebo

–

 − 2.66 (− 7.05, 1.74)

 − 1.86 (− 6.25, 2.54)

 − 1.25 (− 5.64, 3.15)

0.28 (− 4.11, 4.67)

0.58 (− 4.16, 5.33)

Nanocarrier

2.66 (− 1.74, 7.05)

–

0.80 (− 3.59, 5.19)

1.41 (− 2.98, 5.80)

2.94 (− 1.46, 7.33)

3.24 (− 1.50, 7.99)

5-FU

1.86 (− 2.54, 6.25)

 − 0.80 (− 5.19, 3.59)

–

0.61 (− 3.78, 5.00)

2.14 (− 2.26, 6.53)

2.44 (− 2.30, 7.19)

BA-Ex

1.25 (− 3.15, 5.64)

 − 1.41 (− 5.80, 2.98)

 − 0.61 (− 5.00, 3.78)

–

1.53 (− 2.87, 5.92)

1.83 (− 2.91, 6.58)

Nano-BA-Ex

 − 0.28 (− 4.67, 4.11)

 − 2.94 (− 7.33, 1.46)

 − 2.14 (− 6.53, 2.26)

 − 1.53 (− 5.92, 2.87)

–

0.31 (− 4.44, 5.05)

Nano-BA-Ex/5-FU

 − 0.58 (− 5.39, 4.16)

 − 3.24 (− 7.99, 1.5)

 − 2.44 (− 7.19, 2.30)

 − 1.83 (− 6.58, 2.91)

 − 0.31 (− 5.05, 4.44)

–

CyclinD1 fold-change difference (95% CI)

Placebo

–

 − 3.99 (− 7.88, − 0.09)

 − 1.04 (− 4.94, 2.86)

 − 3.76 (− 7.66, 0.13)

 − 1.00 (− 4.89, 2.90)

 − 0.28 (− 4.49, 3.93)

Nanocarrier

3.99 (0.09, 7.88)

–

2.95 (− 0.95, 6.84)

0.22 (− 3.67, 4.12)

2.99 (− 0.91, 6.89)

3.70 (− 0.51, 7.91)

5-FU

1.04 (− 2.86, 4.94)

 − 2.95 (− 684, 0.95)

–

 − 2.72 (− 6.62, 1.17)

0.04 (− 3.85, 3.94)

0.76 (− 3.45, 4.97)

BA-Ex

3.76 (− 0.13, 7.66)

 − 0.22 (− 4.12, 3.67)

2.72 (− 1.17, 6.62)

–

2.77 (− 1.13, 6.66)

3.48 (− 0.73, 7.69)

Nano-BA-Ex

1.00 (− 2.90, 4.89)

 − 2.99 (− 6.89, 0.91)

 − 0.04 (− 3.94, 3.85)

 − 2.77 (− 6.66, 1.13)

–

0.71 (− 3.50, 4.92)

Nano-BA-Ex/5-FU

0.28 (− 3.93, 4.49)

 − 3.70 (− 7.91, 0.51)

 − 0.76 (− 4.97, 3.45)

 − 3.48 (− 769,0.73)

 − 0.71 (− 4.92, 3.50)

–

Mmp9 fold-change difference (95% CI)

Placebo

–

 − 9.65 (− 30.97, 11.66)

 − 2.15 (− 23.46, 19.16)

 − 7.40 (− 28.71, 13.91)

 − 14.02 (− 35.33, 7.29)

 − 2.01 (− 26.17, 22.15)

Nanocarrier

9.65 (− 11.66, 30.97)

–

7.51 (− 15.27, 30.29)

2.25 (− 20.53, 25.04)

 − 4.37 (− 27.15, 18.42)

7.64 (− 17.83, 33.11)

5-FU

2.15 (− 19.16, 23.46)

 − 7.51 (− 30.29, 15.27)

–

 − 5.25 (− 28.03, 17.53)

 − 11.87 (− 34.65, 10.91)

0.14 (− 25.33, 25.61)

BA-Ex

7.40 (− 13.91, 28.71)

 − 2.25 (− 25.04, 20.53)

5.25 (− 17.53, 28.03)

–

 − 6.62 (− 29.40, 16.16)

5.39 (− 20.08, 30.86)

Nano-BA-Ex

14.02 (− 7.29, 35.33)

4.37 (− 18.42, 27.15)

11.87 (− 10.91, 34.65)

6.62 (− 16.16, 29.40)

–

12.01 (− 13.46, 37.48)

Nano-BA-Ex/5-FU

2.01 (− 22.15, 26.17)

 − 7.64 (− 33.11, 17.83)

 − 0.14 (− 25.61, 25.33)

 − 5.39 (− 30.86, 20.08)

 − 12.01 (− 37.48, 13.46)

–

Vegf fold-change difference (95% CI)

Placebo

–

 − 3.30 (− 7.33, 0.74)

 − 0.62 (− 4.65, 3.42)

1.39 (− 2.64, 5.42)

0.85 (− 3.19, 4.88)

 − 0.22 (− 4.58, 4.14)

Nanocarrier

3.30 (− 0.74, 7.33)

2.68 (− 1.36, 6.71)

4.69 (0.65–8.72)

4.14 (0.11, 8.17)

3.08 (− 1.28, 7.43)

5-FU

0.62 (− 3.42, 4.65)

 − 2.68 (− 6.71, 1.36)

–

2.01 (− 2.02, 6.04)

1.46 (− 2.57,5.50)

0.40 (− 3.96, 4.76)

BA-Ex

 − 1.39 (− 5.42, 2.64)

 − 1.75 (− 5.78, 2.28)

 − 2.01 (− 6.04, 2.02)

–

 − 0.55 (− 4.58, 3.49)

 − 1.61 (− 5.97, 2.75)

Nano-BA-Ex

 − 0.85 (− 4.88, 3.19)

 − 4.14 (− 8.17, − 0.11)

 − 1.46 (− 5.50, 2.57)

0.55 (− 3.49, 4.58)

–

 − 1.06 (− 5.42, 3.29)

Nano-BA-Ex/5-FU

0.22 (− 4.14, 4.58)

 − 3.08 (− 7.43, 1.28)

 − 0.40 (− 4.76, 3.96)

1.61 (− 2.75, 5.97)

 − 3.29, 5.42)

–