Fig. 5

A CAA leads to apoptosis shown by the AO-EtBr assay using fluorescent microscopy merged images of KB-3-1 and HEp-2 cells after treatment with apoptosis-related CAA and CD EXO + CAA at their respective IC50 values. B Effect on apoptosis-related protein expression in KB-3-1 and HEp-2 cells treated with CAA and CD EXO + CAA for 48 h. β-Actin was used as a housekeeping molecule. C Graphical representation of relative protein expression of Caspase-7 and Bcl-xL with n = 3. (*P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001). D Representative mRNA expression analysis in KB-3-1 and HEp-2 cells upon CAA and CD EXO + CAA was determined using PCR, where GAPDH was used as a housekeeping gene. E Statistical analysis showing mRNA expression of apoptosis-related molecules on KB-3-1 cells and HEp-2 cells after treatment with CAA and CD EXO + CAA. Statistical representation was done by one-way ANOVA with a Gaussian distribution by Tukey comparison test with n=3. (*P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.0001). Bars indicate mean ± SEM