Fig. 4

Confocal fluorescence microscopy images of Panc02 cells incubated with bTiO₂@mSiO₂@Gd/R848 NPs for 4, 8, and 12 h, respectively. Red fluorescence indicates Rhodamine B-labeled NPs, while blue fluorescence indicates Hoechst 33342-labeled nuclei. (scale bar: 20 μm)