Fig. 2

TEM images of the APD–PD-L1–MIPL (a) and MIP (b). DLS characterization (c) and zeta potential (d) of the APD–PD-L1–MIPL, MIP and NIP. e Adsorption isotherms of PD-L1 onto the APD–PD-L1–MIPL, MIP and NIP. f Scatchard plot of the adsorption assays of PD-L1 on the APD–PD-L1–MIPL, MIP and NIP. g Langmuir adsorption constants for binding of PD-L1 on the APD–PD-L1–MIPL, MIP and NIP. h Adsorption kinetics of PD-L1 onto the APD–PD-L1–MIPL, MIP and NIP