Fig. 4

Induction of apoptosis in PANC-1 cells. A, B Change of PANC-1 cell cycle progression after drug treatment. The cells were fixed with ethanol after 72 h treatment and evaluated using flow cytometry. The percentage of cell populations in each phase is illustrated in B. C, D Apoptotic cell analysis after drug treatment. Cells were stained with Annexin V/PI and analyzed using flow cytometry. The percentage of cell populations is illustrated in D. Data are expressed as the mean ± SEM. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, and ***p < 0.001 compared with the control