Fig. 3

a Experimental design to test chitosan–noisome drug delivery model using MatTek’s plates. This design allowed the cells to incubate before the drug delivery system was added and allowed chitosan to polymerize at 37 °C. This novel testing model was used to evaluate our drug delivery system using different concentrations of paclitaxel and in long-term studies in both normal and tumor cells. b Schematic representation of the drug delivery system for localized delivery of chitosan–niosome with encapsulated paclitaxel conjugated with BODIPY 564/570. c Images showing IOSE-121 normal cells incubated for 10 min and 1 h in growth medium containing paclitaxel (0.4 µM) conjugated to red–orange fluorescent BODIPY 564/570